There are five distinct types of electrical patterns or "brainwaves" throughout the cortex of every individual. The brain waves may be studied using an EEG (or "electroencephalograph"), which enables researchers to detect brain wave patterns. Each brainwave has a role and contributes to our healthy mental functioning.

The FRENZ™ Brainband tracks these brainwaves and bio-vital signals precisely. The device provides users with comprehensive EEG signal information with an accuracy equivalent to hospital-grade PSG-standard equipment.

The brain's capacity to become flexible and transition across different brain wave frequencies plays a significant part in our ability to manage stress, concentrate on activities, and have a restful night's sleep. Problems might arise if one of the five types of brain waves is overproduced or underproduced in the brain. For this reason, it is essential to recognize that no particular brain wave is "better" or "more ideal" than the others.

Each has a role to help us cope with various situations, whether to help us digest and acquire new information or to help us relax after a long day of stress. In order of increasing frequency, the five types of brain waves are gamma, beta, alpha, theta, and delta.

Gamma brainwaves

Gamma cerebral waves Gamma waves are the brain's fastest waves. They often occur when you are fully awake and alert. They vary between 30 and 80 Hertz.

The frequency of gamma brain waves is the greatest of all brain waves. They are related to high levels of thinking and concentration. Depending on their stories in the brain, they can have distinct effects:

• You are often happier and more responsive if your brain generates many gamma waves. Additionally, you may have a greater intelligence quotient (IQ) and enhanced attention.
• If your brain produces low quantities of gamma waves, you may experience difficulties with learning and memory. You may suffer diminished focus, attention span, and cognitive abilities. Even low gamma wave levels can cause learning problems and psychiatric issues.

Gamma waves are linked to higher-order brain activities such as cognition and memory. Recent research indicates that gamma waves can enhance working memory. Research also indicates that higher gamma brain wave activity might aid in attaining the maximum levels of focus. Gamma waves can also induce heightened consciousness and enhanced brain function during meditation.

Gamma waves offer the following advantages:

• They can enhance your cognitive abilities and problem-solving skills.
• They facilitate information processing.
• They can improve one's memory.
• They can improve your concentration span.
• They can enhance your consciousness and awareness.
• They may enhance the immunity and function of your brain.

Researchers have suggested using gamma brain waves to treat the following disorders due to these effects:

• Alzheimer's disease
• Schizophrenia
• Mild trauma to the brain
• Epilepsy
• Stroke
• ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder )
• Mood disorders like depression

Beta brainwaves

Beta waves are produced when the brain is stimulated and actively engaged in mental activity. These comparatively low-amplitude beta waves are the quickest of the four types of brainwaves. The frequency range of beta waves is between 15 and 40 cycles per second. Beta waves are indicative of a highly engaged mind. A person engaged in active discussion is in beta. A debater is in a state of high beta. When engrossed in their task, a person giving a speech, a teacher, or a talk show presenter would all be in beta.

Beta waves are generated throughout regular activities. It occurs while you are awake, attentive, active, and intent. These waves have a frequency range of 12 to 38 Hertz and can be categorized as follows:

• Weak beta waves oscillate between 12 and 15 Hertz when you are thinking.
• Mid waves. These oscillate between 15 and 22 Hertz and occur when you execute tasks or concentrate.
• Strong beta waves. These vary between 22 and 38 Hertz. They occur when you are nervous or thrilled. They also arise when you have novel experiences or intricate thinking.

Alpha brainwaves

Where beta symbolizes stimulation, alpha indicates a state of relaxation. This range of frequencies bridges the gap between our conscious and subconscious minds. In other words, the alpha frequency range lies between the beta and theta frequency ranges. It aids in calming us down when required and produces sensations of profound relaxation. If we are under stress, we may experience an "alpha blockage" phenomenon characterized by high beta activity and very little alpha. Because we are excessively excited, the beta waves "prevent" the generation of alpha waves.

Alpha brainwaves are slower and more intense than beta brainwaves. Their frequency spans between nine and fourteen cycles per second. Those who have completed a task and are resting are frequently in the alpha state. Those who take time for reflection or meditation are often in an alpha state. A person in an alpha state who takes a break from a meeting to stroll in the garden is frequently in this condition.

Theta brainwaves

The following state, theta brainwaves, often have a higher amplitude and a slower frequency. Typically, this frequency range falls between 5 and 8 cycles per second. When a person takes a break from an activity and begins to daydream, they are frequently in a theta brainwave state. A person traveling on a highway and cannot recollect the past five miles is frequently in a theta condition produced by motorway driving. The repetitive nature of that driving contrasted to driving on a country road would distinguish between a theta state and a beta state for safe driving.

Those who drive on the interstate frequently get brilliant ideas when in the theta state. Outdoor runners are often in a state of mental relaxation that is slower than alpha, and when in theta, they are prone to idea generation. This can also occur in the shower or bathtub and shaving or combing hair. It is a state in which tasks become so habitual that mental disengagement is possible. During the theta stage, thoughts are frequently unrestrained from guilt. Typically, it is a highly optimistic mental state.

Delta brainwaves

These are the slowest human brain waves that have been recorded. They are typically prevalent in newborns and young children. As we age, we tend to create less delta, even during deep sleep. They are associated with the most profound states of relaxation and restorative, healing sleep. In addition, they have been implicated in unconscious biological processes such as regulating the heartbeat and digestion. After a restful night's sleep, the creation of adequate delta waves helps us feel the most refreshed. If an individual has aberrant delta activity, he or she may suffer from learning impairments or have difficulty maintaining conscious consciousness (such as in cases of brain injuries).

During the delta stage, brainwaves have the highest amplitude and lowest frequency. They usually range between 1.5 and 4 cycles per second. They never decrease to zero since that would indicate brain death. However, deep, dreamless sleep will get you to the lowest frequency. Generally, two to three cycles each second.

When we go to bed and read for a few minutes before trying to sleep, our beta levels are likely to be low. When we put down the book, turn out the lights, and close our eyes, our brainwaves will transition from beta to alpha to theta to delta as we drift off to sleep.

FRENZ™ real-time brain stimulation

Precision is the determinative factor for enabling advanced technologies to achieve high performance for FRENZ™.

Our technology takes advantage of real-time data processing and precise identification of bio-vital signals, then applies our proprietary AI/ML algorithms to stimulate better sleep, focus, and relaxation based on each individual's response.

For sleep, we have special algorithms that accelerate sleep onset and facilitate deep sleep based on real-time brainwave resonance stimulation. The precisely tracked phase-locked loop is the core strategy that helps us to deliver the acoustic stimuli adjusting to the physiological changes of the brain and body in real-time.

For focus, our algorithms identify the ratio variability of beta waves versus alpha waves and other waves to track in real-time the focus score of the user. FRENZ™ will then curate the audio content that enhances the users' focus level.

For relaxation, our algorithms identify the ratio variability of alpha waves versus other brainwaves to track the relaxation score of the user in real-time. FRENZ™  then curates the audio content to soothe and calm the users' minds.

About Earable® Neuroscience

Earable® Neuroscience U.S. is a deep tech company delivering scalable, human-centric solutions that improve the everyday experience — from deep sleep to all-day focus.

Earable® invented FRENZ™ — the world's first consumer brainband that can measure and stimulate brain activity with clinical precision, so you can sleep more deeply, find sharper focus, and unlock your brain's true potential. It is the recipient of multiple scientific awards and holds 15 patents globally.

Do you have questions, comments, or suggestions for future articles about Earable® Neuroscience or FRENZ™? Contact us at media@earable.ai